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发表于 2007-1-29 23:43
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">三、照度(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">lx</font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song"> <br /></font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"> 对于被照面而言,常用落在其单位面积上的光通量多少来衡量它被照射的程度,这就是常用的照度,符号为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">E</font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">,它表示被照面上的光通量密度。当光通量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">Φ</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">均匀分布在被照表面</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">A</font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">上时,则此被照面的照度为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">E=</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">Φ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">/A </font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song"> </font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">照度的常用单位为勒克斯,符号为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">lx</font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">,它等于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">1lm</font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">的光通量均匀分布在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">1</font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">平方米的被照面上,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">1lx=1lm/1m</font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">⒉。为了对照度有一个实际概念,下面举一些常见的例子。在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">40W</font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">白炽灯下</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">1m</font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">处的照度约为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">30lm</font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">;加一搪瓷伞型罩后照度就增加到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">73lx</font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">;阴天中午室外照度为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">8000</font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">20000lx</font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">;晴天中午在阳光下的室外照度可高达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">80000</font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">120000lx <br /></font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"> 照度的英制单位为英尺烛光(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">fc</font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">),它等于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">1lm</font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">的光通量均匀分布在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">1</font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">平方英尺的表面上,由于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">1</font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">平方米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">=10.76</font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">平方英尺,所以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song">1fc=10.76lx</font></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:??;mso-ansi-language:zh-cn;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black;font-family:??;mso-bidi-font-family:??;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"><font face="宋体, MS Song"> <br /><br /></font></span> |
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